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Western Digital

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Western_Design_Center" title="Western Design Center">Western Design Center</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Western Digital Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in the <a href="Santa_Teresa%2C_San_Jose" title="Santa Teresa, San Jose">Santa Teresa</a> district of San Jose, California in 2021</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">General Digital Corporation (1970–1971)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/wdc">WDC</a></li><li><a href="S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Computer data storage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">April 23, 1970 (1970-04-23) in <a href="Newport_Beach%2C_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach, California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Alvin B. Phillips</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="San_Jose%2C_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Irving Tan (CEO)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drives</a></li><li>Storage systems</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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<li>WD_BLACK</li>

<li><a href="SanDisk_Professional" title="SanDisk Professional">SanDisk Professional</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>13.0 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"> US$−317 million (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"> US$−798 million (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> US$24.2 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> US$10.8 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">51,000 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westerndigital.com">www.westerndigital.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references Financials as of June 28, 2024<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Western Digital Corporation is an American data storage company headquartered in <a href="San_Jose%2C_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a>. Established in 1970, the company is one of the world's largest manufacturers of <a href="Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a> (HDDs).

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Western Digital logo history</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;"></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 1970 to 1971</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;"></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 1971 to 1991</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;"></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 1991 to 1997</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;"></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 1997 to 2004</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;"></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 2004 to 2017</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;"></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 2017 to 2022</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;"></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 2022 to 2025</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;"></div><div class="thumbcaption">Current logo</div></div></div></div></div>

Western Digital was founded on April 23, 1970, by Alvin B. Phillips, a <a href="Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> employee, as General Digital Corporation, initially a manufacturer of <a href="MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOS</a> test equipment.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> It was originally based in <a href="Newport_Beach%2C_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach, California</a>,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> shortly thereafter moving to <a href="Santa_Ana%2C_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a>, and would go on to become one of the largest technology firms headquartered in <a href="Orange_County%2C_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chen-5">[5]</a> It rapidly became a specialty <a href="Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> maker, with start-up capital provided by several individual investors and industrial giant <a href="Emerson_Electric" title="Emerson Electric">Emerson Electric</a>. Around July 1971, it adopted its current name and soon introduced its first product, the WD1402A <a href="Universal_asynchronous_receiver/transmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter">UART</a>.

During the early 1970s, the company focused on making and selling <a href="Calculator" title="Calculator">calculator</a> chips, and by 1975, Western Digital was the largest independent calculator chip maker in the world. The <a href="1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">oil crisis</a> of the mid-1970s and the bankruptcy of its biggest calculator customer, Bowmar Instrument,<a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_Feb_1975-6">[6]</a> changed its fortunes, however, and in 1976 Western Digital declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy. After this, Emerson Electric withdrew their support of the company. <a href="Chuck_Missler" title="Chuck Missler">Chuck Missler</a> joined Western Digital as chairman and chief executive in June 1977, and became the largest shareholder of Western Digital.

In 1973, Western Digital established its Malaysian plant, initially to manufacture semiconductors.<a href="#cite_note-reg-7">[7]</a>

Western Digital introduced several products during the late 1970s, including the <a href="MCP-1600" title="MCP-1600">MCP-1600</a> multi-chip, <a href="Microcode" title="Microcode">microcoded</a> <a href="Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>. The MCP-1600 was used to implement <a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a>'s <a href="PDP-11" title="PDP-11">LSI-11</a> system, the <a href="Western_Digital_WD16" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Digital WD16">WD16</a>, and their own <a href="Pascal_MicroEngine" title="Pascal MicroEngine">Pascal MicroEngine</a> microcomputer which ran the <a href="UCSD_Pascal" title="UCSD Pascal">UCSD p-System</a> Version III and <a href="UCSD_Pascal" title="UCSD Pascal">UCSD Pascal</a>. However, the WD integrated circuit that arguably drove Western's forward integration was the <a href="Western_Digital_FD1771" title="Western Digital FD1771">FD1771</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Computer_Oct_1976-8">[8]</a> one of the first single-chip floppy disk drive formatter/controllers, which could replace significant amounts of TTL logic.

The FD1771 and its kin were Western Digital's first entry into the data storage industry; by the early 1980s, they were making <a href="Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a> controllers, and in 1983, they won the contract to provide <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> with controllers for the <a href="IBM_Personal_Computer/AT" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Personal Computer/AT">PC/AT</a>. That controller, the WD1003, became the basis of the <a href="AT_Attachment" class="mw-redirect" title="AT Attachment">ATA</a> interface (which Western Digital developed along with <a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> and <a href="Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">Control Data Corporation's</a> MPI division, now owned by <a href="Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate Technology</a>), starting in 1986. Throughout most of the 1980s, the family of controllers based on the WD1003 provided the bulk of Western Digital's revenues and profits, and for a time generated enormous corporate growth.

Much of the mid-to-late 1980s saw an effort by Western Digital to use the profits from their ATA storage controllers to become a general-purpose <a href="OEM" class="mw-redirect" title="OEM">OEM</a> hardware supplier for the PC industry. As a result, Western Digital purchased a number of hardware companies. These included <a href="Video_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Video card">graphics cards</a> (through its <a href="Paradise_Systems" title="Paradise Systems">Paradise Systems</a> subsidiary, purchased 1986, which later became Western Digital Imaging), core logic chipsets (by purchasing Faraday Electronics Inc. in 1987), <a href="SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> controller chips for disk and <a href="Tape_drive" title="Tape drive">tape devices</a> (by purchasing ADSI in 1986), networking (WD8003, WD8013 <a href="Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> and WD8003S <a href="StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a>). They did well (especially Paradise, which produced one of the best <a href="Video_Graphics_Array" title="Video Graphics Array">VGA</a> cards of the era), but storage-related chips and disk controllers were their biggest money makers. In 1986, they introduced the WD33C93 single-chip <a href="SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> interface, which was used in the first 16-bit <a href="Bus_mastering" title="Bus mastering">bus mastering</a> SCSI host adapter, the WD7000 "FASST"; in 1987 they introduced the WD37C65, a single-chip implementation of the PC/AT's floppy disk controller circuitry, and the grandfather of modern <a href="Super_I/O" title="Super I/O">super I/O</a> chips; in 1988 they introduced the WD42C22 "Vanilla", the first single-chip ATA hard disk controller.

1988 also brought what would be the biggest change in Western Digital's history. That year, Western Digital bought the hard drive production assets of PC hardware maker <a href="Tandon_Corporation" title="Tandon Corporation">Tandon</a>; the first products of that union under Western Digital's own name were the "Centaur" series of ATA and XT attachment drives.<a href="#cite_note-History_of_Microprocessor_Companies-9">[9]</a>

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By 1991, things were starting to slow down, as the PC industry moved from <a href="ST-506" class="mw-redirect" title="ST-506">ST-506</a> and <a href="Enhanced_Small_Disk_Interface" title="Enhanced Small Disk Interface">ESDI</a> drives to ATA and SCSI, and thus were buying fewer hard disk controller boards. That year saw the rise of Western Digital's Caviar drives, brand new designs that used the latest in <a href="Embedded_servo" title="Embedded servo">embedded servo</a> and computerized diagnostic systems.

Eventually, the successful sales of the Caviar drives resulted in Western Digital starting to sell some of its divisions. Paradise was sold to <a href="Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, and since disappeared. Its networking and floppy drive controller divisions went to SMC Networks and its SCSI chip business went to <a href="Future_Domain" title="Future Domain">Future Domain</a>, which was later bought out by market leader <a href="Adaptec" title="Adaptec">Adaptec</a>. Around 1995, the technological lead that the Caviar drives had enjoyed was eclipsed by newer offerings from other companies, especially <a href="Quantum_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum Corp.">Quantum Corp.</a>, and Western Digital fell into a slump.

In 1994, Western Digital began producing hard drives at its Malaysian factory, employing 13,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-reg-7">[7]</a>

Products and ideas of this time did not go far. The Portfolio drive (a 3-inch (76 mm) <a href="Form_factor_(electronics)" title="Form factor (electronics)">form factor</a> model, developed with <a href="JT_Storage" title="JT Storage">JT Storage</a>) was a flop, as was the SDX hard disk to <a href="CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> interface. Western Digital's drives started to slip further behind competing products, and quality began to suffer; <a href="Custom_built_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="Custom built PC">system builders</a> and PC enthusiasts who used to recommend Western Digital above all else, were going to the competition, particularly <a href="Maxtor" title="Maxtor">Maxtor</a>, whose products had improved significantly by the late 1990s.

In an attempt to turn the tide in 1998, Western Digital recruited the help of <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. This agreement gave Western Digital the rights to use certain IBM technologies, including <a href="Giant_magnetoresistance" title="Giant magnetoresistance">giant magneto-resistive (GMR)</a> heads and access to IBM production facilities. The result was the Expert line of drives, introduced in early 1999. The idea worked, and Western Digital regained respect in the press and among users, even despite a recall in 2000 (which was due to bad motor driver chips). Western Digital later broke ties with IBM.

In 2001, Western Digital became the first manufacturer to offer mainstream ATA hard disk drives with 8 <a href="Mebibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Mebibyte">MiB</a> of <a href="Disk_buffer" title="Disk buffer">disk buffer</a>. At that time, most desktop hard disk drives had 2 MB of buffer. Western Digital labeled these 8 MB models as "Special Edition" and distinguished them with the JB code (the 2 MB models had the BB code). The first 8 MB cache drive was the 100 <a href="Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> WD1000JB, followed by other models starting with 40 GB capacity. Western Digital advertised the JB models for cost-effective <a href="File_server" title="File server">file servers</a>. In October 2001, Western Digital restated its prior year results to reflect the adoption of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No.101 and the reclassification of Connex and SANavigator results as discontinued operations.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

In 2003, Western Digital acquired most of the assets of bankrupt one-time market leading magnetic hard drive read-write head developer Read-Rite Corporation for $95 million.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In the same year, Western Digital offered the first 10,000 <a href="Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">rpm</a> <a href="Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">Serial ATA</a> HDD, the WD360GD "<a href="WD_Raptor" class="mw-redirect" title="WD Raptor">Raptor</a>", with a capacity of 36 GB and an average access time of less than six milliseconds. Soon, the 74 GB WD740GD followed, which was also much quieter. In 2004, Western Digital redesigned its logo for the first time since 1997, with the design of new logo focusing on the company's initials ("WD").<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In 2005, Western Digital released a 150 GB version, the WD1500ADFD, which was also available in a special version with a transparent window enabling the user to see the drive's heads move over the platters while the drive read and wrote data (Raptor X, WD1500AHFD). The biggest capacity 3,5 inch Raptor is the WD1600ADFD, with 160 GB of disk space. As of 2004, the <a href="Western_Digital_Raptor" title="Western Digital Raptor">Western Digital Raptor</a> drives have a five-year warranty, making them a more attractive choice for inexpensive <a href="File_server" title="File server">storage servers</a>, where a large number of drives in constant use increases the likelihood of a drive failure.

In 2006, Western Digital introduced its <a href="Western_Digital_My_Book" title="Western Digital My Book">My Book</a> line of mass market external hard drives that feature a compact book-like design. On October 7, 2007, Western Digital released several editions of a single 1 <a href="Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">TB</a> hard drive, the largest in its My Book line.

In 2007, Western Digital acquired magnetic media maker Komag. Also in the same year, Western Digital adopted <a href="Perpendicular_recording" title="Perpendicular recording">perpendicular recording</a> technology in its line of notebook and desktop drives. This allowed it to produce notebook and desktop drives in the largest classes of the time. Western Digital also started to produce the energy efficient GP (Green Power) range of drives.

In 2007, Western Digital announced the WD GP drive touting rotational speed "between 7200 and 5400 rpm", which is technically correct while also being misleading; the drive spins at 5405 rpm, and the Green Power spin speed is not variable.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> WD GP drives are programmed to unload the heads whenever idle for a very short period of time.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Many Linux installations write to the file system a few times a minute in the background.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> As a result, there may be 100 or more load cycles per hour, and the 300,000 load cycles rating of a WD GP drive may be exceeded in less than a year.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

On April 21, 2008, Western Digital announced the next generation of its 10,000 rpm SATA WD Raptor series of hard drives. The new drives, called WD <a href="VelociRaptor" class="mw-redirect" title="VelociRaptor">VelociRaptor</a>, featured 300 GB capacity and 2.5-inch (64 mm) platters enclosed in the IcePack, a 3.5-inch (89 mm) mounting frame with a built-in heat sink. Western Digital said that the new drives are 35 percent faster than the previous generation. On September 12, 2008, Western Digital shipped a 500 GB 2.5-inch (64 mm) notebook hard drive which is part of their Scorpio Blue series of notebook hard drives.

On January 27, 2009, Western Digital shipped the first 2 TB internal hard disk drive.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> On March 30, 2009, they entered the <a href="Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drive</a> market with the acquisition of Siliconsystems, Inc. Its acquisition was unsuccessful, and few years later Western Digital discontinued all solid-state storage products based on Siliconsystems design (SiliconEdge and SiliconDrive families of SSDs and memory cards), but its inventions was used later in development of various other solid-state storage products, with larger developments going on after 2016 acquisition of SanDisk.

On July 27, 2009, Western Digital announced the first 1 TB mobile hard disk drive, which shipped as both a Passport series portable USB drive as well as a Scorpio Blue series notebook drive.

In October 2009, Western Digital announced the shipment of first 3 TB internal hard disk drive, which has 750 GB-per-platter density with SATA interface.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

In March 2011, Western Digital agreed to acquire parts of the storage unit of <a href="Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>, <a href="HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a>, for about $4.3 billion of which $3.5 billion was paid in cash and the rest with 25 million shares of Western Digital.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

In 2011, Western Digital established an R&D facility at its Malaysian plant at a cost of 1.2 billion US dollars.<a href="#cite_note-reg-7">[7]</a>

In March 2012, Western Digital completed the acquisition of HGST and became the largest traditional hard drive manufacturer in the world. To address the requirements of regulatory agencies, in May 2012 Western Digital divested assets to manufacture and sell certain 3.5-inch hard drives for the desktop and consumer electronics markets to <a href="Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, in exchange for one of its 2.5-inch hard drive factories in Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>

In December 2013, Western Digital stopped manufacturing <a href="Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">parallel ATA</a> hard disk drives for laptops (2.5-inch form factor) and desktop PCs (3.5-inch form factor). Until that time, they were last hard disk manufacturer to produce PATA hard disk drives.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Furthermore, they were the only manufacturer that had 250 GB and 320 GB in 2.5-inch form factor.

In February 2014, Western Digital announced a new "Purple" line of hard disk drives for use in <a href="Video_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Video surveillance">video surveillance</a> systems, with capacities from 1 to 4 TB. They feature internal optimizations for applications that involve near-constant disk writing, and "AllFrame" technology which is designed to reduce write errors.<a href="#cite_note-pcworld-purplehdd-22">[22]</a>

In October 2015, after being required to operate the company autonomously from WD, the <a href="Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Chinese Ministry of Commerce</a> issued a decision allowing the company to begin integrating HGST into its main business, but under the condition that it maintain the HGST brand and sales team for at least two more years.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The HGST brand was phased out in 2018, and since then, all HGST-branded products were rebranded to Western Digital.

In May 2016, Western Digital acquired <a href="SanDisk" class="mw-redirect" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a> for US$19 billion.<a href="#cite_note-sandisk-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-wdsandisk-25">[25]</a> In the summer of 2017, Western Digital licensed the <a href="Fusion-io" title="Fusion-io">Fusion-io</a>/SanDisk ION Accelerator software to One Stop Systems.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>

In 2016, HGST closed its Malaysian plant.<a href="#cite_note-reg-7">[7]</a>

In April 2017, Western Digital moved its headquarters from Irvine, California to HGST's headquarters in San Jose, California.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>

In August 2017, Western Digital bought cloud storage provider Upthere, with the intention to continue building out the service.<a href="#cite_note-upthere-28">[28]</a>

In September 2017, Western Digital acquired <a href="Tegile_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegile Systems">Tegile Systems</a>, maker of <a href="Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> <a href="Storage_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Storage array">storage arrays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Western Digital rebranded Tegile as IntelliFlash<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and sold it to <a href="DataDirect_Networks" title="DataDirect Networks">DataDirect Networks</a> in September 2019.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>

In October 2017, Western Digital shipped the world's first 14 TB HDD, the helium-filled HGST Ultrastar Hs14.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

In December 2017, Western Digital reached an agreement with Toshiba about the sale of the jointly owned NAND production facility in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

In June 2018, Western Digital acquired Wearable, Inc., a small company based in the Chicago area that produced the SanDisk Wireless Drive and SanDisk Connect Wireless Stick, which were derived from Wearable Inc.’s AirStash wireless server platform.

In May 2018, Toshiba reached an agreement with the Bain consortium about the sale of that chip unit.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>

In July 2018, Western Digital announced their plan to close their hard disk production facility in <a href="Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> to shift the company towards flash drive production, leaving the company with just two HDD production facilities in Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-reg-7">[7]</a> The company ranked 158th on the 2018 <a href="Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> of the largest United States corporations by revenue.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>

In June 2019, <a href="Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a> experienced a power cut at one of its factories in Yokkaichi, Japan, resulting in the loss of at least 6 exabytes of flash memory, with some sources estimating the loss as high as 15 exabytes. Western Digital used (and still uses) Kioxia's facilities for making its own flash memory chips.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>

In November 2020, Western Digital produced a new consumer SSD, the WD Black SN850 1TB. Using a proprietary NVMe version 1.4 controller ("G2"), it is reported to outperform Samsung's 980 Pro 1TB as well as other, new-to-market SSDs containing the <a href="Phison" title="Phison">Phison</a> E18 controller that arrived after the SN850 became available. The only higher-performing SSD at that time was Intel's Optane line, which is a non-consumer, workstation/server-based SSD with a cost of over five times the SN850.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a>

In June 2021, users reported that their <a href="Western_Digital_My_Book#Live" title="Western Digital My Book">My Book Live</a> NAS drives, which were discontinued products last manufactured in 2013, had been erased, leading to the company advising that the devices be disconnected from the internet.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>

In August 2021, Western Digital and Japanese memory-chip supplier <a href="Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a> (formerly Toshiba Memory) began working out the details of a <a href="Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">merger</a> to be finalized in September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In October of the same year, it became clear that the merger talks stalled.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>

In February 2022, Western Digital and Kioxia reported that contamination issues have affected the output of their flash memory joint-production factories, with WD admitting that at least 6.5 exabytes of memory output being affected. The Kiakami and Yokkaichi factories in Japan stopped producing due to the contamination.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>

WD experienced a <a href="Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">cyberattack</a> breaching the company's systems on March 23, 2023. On April 2, the company proactively took some services offline, including <a href="My_Cloud" title="My Cloud">My Cloud</a>, to examine the extent of the intrusion. The attackers allegedly exfiltrated around 10 TB of data from the company, including customer information, and demanded a ransom of "minimum 8 figures" to not publish the data.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>

Merger talks with Kioxia resumed in 2023,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> but was called off after Kioxia's largest shareholder <a href="Bain_Capital" title="Bain Capital">Bain Capital</a> and indirect shareholder <a href="SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a> declared their opposition to the deal in October.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>

On February 24, 2025, Western Digital spun off its flash memory business as <a href="Sandisk" title="Sandisk">Sandisk Corporation</a>, leaving WD solely focused on hard disk drives; the spin-off would effectively reverse Western Digital's earlier acquisition of SanDisk, but would also include flash storage product lines that were previously sold under the WD brand.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2></div>

Western Digital's offerings include hard drives for personal computers, security surveillance systems, video game consoles, <a href="Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a> (NAS), and <a href="Set-top_boxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Set-top boxes">set-top boxes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Western Digital sells datacenter hardware and software<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> including an enterprise-class Ultrastar product line that was previously sold under the HGST brand.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>

Its storage product lines are divided into brands based on colors, based on their intended use case:<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a>

On February 24, 2025, Western Digital spun off its flash memory business as <a href="Sandisk" title="Sandisk">Sandisk Corporation</a>, leaving WD solely focused on hard disk drives; the spin-off would effectively reverse Western Digital's earlier acquisition of SanDisk, but would also include flash storage product lines that were previously sold under the WD brand.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>

<th colspan="2">Color/branding

</th>

<th>Use case

</th>

<th>HDD warranty length (years)<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>WD Blue

</td>

<td>General computing

</td>

<td>2

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>WD Purple

</td>

<td>Surveillance

</td>

<td>3

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>WD Purple Pro

</td>

<td>Surveillance

</td>

<td>5

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>WD Red

</td>

<td><a href="Small_office/home_office" title="Small office/home office">Small office/home office</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a>

</td>

<td>3

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>WD Red Plus

</td>

<td>Small business, <a href="Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a> (NAS), and <a href="RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a>

</td>

<td>3

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>WD Red Pro

</td>

<td>High-performance network-attached storage<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a>

</td>

<td>5

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>WD_Black

</td>

<td>High-performance and <a href="Gaming_computer" title="Gaming computer">gaming</a>

</td>

<td>5

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>WD Gold

</td>

<td>Enterprise

</td>

<td>5

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td><a href="Ultrastar_(WD_brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultrastar (WD brand)">Ultrastar</a>

</td>

<td>Datacenter

</td>

<td>5

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>Internal use

</td>

<td>External USB enclosures

</td>

<td>2 to 3 (together with drive enclosure)

</td></tr></tbody></table>

WD Purple hard drives are designed for write-heavy workloads, such as <a href="Closed-circuit_television_camera" title="Closed-circuit television camera">security cameras</a>. These drives feature AllFrame technology, which attempts to reduce video frame loss, <a href="Error_recovery_control" title="Error recovery control">time limited error recovery</a>, and support for the ATA streaming command set.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a>

<a href="External_hard_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="External hard drive">External hard drives</a> are sold under the <a href="My_Passport" title="My Passport">My Passport</a>, <a href="Western_Digital_My_Book" title="Western Digital My Book">My Book</a>, WD Elements, and Easystore brands.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Western Digital external hard drives with encryption software (sold under the My Passport brand) have been reported to have severe data protection faults and to be easy to decrypt.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> After first offering the <a href="Western_Digital_Media_Center" title="Western Digital Media Center">Western Digital Media Center</a> in 2004 (which was actually only a storage device), Western Digital offered the <a href="WD_TV" title="WD TV">WD TV</a> series of products between 2008 and 2016. The WD TV series of products functioned as a <a href="Home_theater_PC" title="Home theater PC">home theater PC</a>, able to play videos, images, and music from USB drives or network locations.

Western Digital offers the <a href="My_Cloud" title="My Cloud">My Cloud</a> series of products, which function as home media servers. In September 2015, Western Digital released My Cloud OS 3, a platform that enables connected HDDs to sync between PCs and mobile devices.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a>

Through Western Digital's acquisition of Upthere, the company offers personal cloud storage through the Upthere Home app and UpOS operating system.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy_product_lines">Legacy product lines</h3></div>

Some of Western Digital's old product lines that are no longer produced include:

<ul><li>Tidbit</li>

<li>Caviar</li>

<li>Expert</li>

<li><a href="Western_Digital_Raptor" title="Western Digital Raptor">Raptor</a> - High speed and high performance HDDs with speeds of 10,000 RPM.</li>

<li>VelociRaptor - 2.5 inch version of Raptor.</li>

<li>S25 (Rebranded to XE) - SAS version of VelociRaptor.</li>

<li>Scorpio</li>

<li>WD Green - HDD models aimed towards energy efficiency, with variable RPMs between 5400 and 7200 RPM. The Green brand was discontinued for HDDs in 2015, with its models folded into the Blue line. The Green branding continued to be used for SSDs.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_products">Former products</h3></div>

Western Digital manufactured wireless routers.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> They discontinued its networking product line as of early 2014.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2></div>

Western Digital Capital is Western Digital's investment arm.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> It has contributed funding for data technology companies such as Elastifile and <a href="Avere_Systems" title="Avere Systems">Avere Systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuits">Lawsuits</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Binary_prefix#Legal_disputes" title="Binary prefix">Binary prefix § Legal disputes</a></div>

Lawsuits have been filed against various manufacturers including Western Digital,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> related to the claimed capacity of their drives. The drives are labelled using the convention of 103 (1,000) bytes to the kilobyte, resulting in a perceived capacity shortfall when reported by most operating systems, which tend to use 210 (1,024) bytes to the kilobyte.<a href="#cite_note-ars-91">[91]</a>

While Western Digital maintained that they used "the indisputably correct industry standard for measuring and describing storage capacity", and that they "cannot be expected to reform the software industry", they agreed to settle in March 2006,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> with a $30 refund to affected customers in the form of backup and recovery software of the same value.<a href="#cite_note-ars-91">[91]</a>

In May 2020, Western Digital was sued<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> for using <a href="Shingled_magnetic_recording" title="Shingled magnetic recording">shingled magnetic recording</a> (SMR) technology in its WD Red line of consumer <a href="Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">NAS</a> drives without explicitly informing consumers.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The lawsuit alleged that SMR technology is not suitable for the advertised use of the drives in a <a href="RAID" title="RAID">RAID array</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a>, another data storage company and a direct competitor of Western Digital, stated that SMR is not suitable for NAS use and that Seagate uses only <a href="Conventional_magnetic_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Conventional magnetic recording">conventional magnetic recording</a> (CMR) in its NAS-oriented products.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In June 2020, in response to the controversy, Western Digital announced that it would adopt the "Red Plus" brand for drive models that utilize CMR; the "WD Red" brand would be used primarily for drives utilizing SMR, and Western Digital would promote these drives as primarily being for low-intensity, <a href="Small_office/home_office" title="Small office/home office">small office/home office</a> use cases.<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisitions">Acquisitions</h3></div>

<th scope="col" style="width:100px">Acquisition date

</th>

<th scope="col">Company

</th>

<th scope="col">Product types

</th>

<th scope="col" style="width:80px">Price

</th>

<th scope="col" class="sortable">Refs

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>July, 2003

</td>

<td>Read-Rite Corp

</td>

<td>Magnetic Head Assembly (HGA, HSA)

</td>

<td>$95.4 million

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>June 29, 2007

</td>

<td>Komag

</td>

<td>Hard disk media

</td>

<td style="text-align:right;">$1 billion

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>March 8, 2012

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td style="text-align:right;">$3.9 billion

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>January 22, 2013

</td>

<td><a href="Arkeia_Software" title="Arkeia Software">Arkeia Software</a>

</td>

<td>Backup Software

</td>

<td>—

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>September 12, 2013

</td>

</td>

<td>SSD

</td>

<td style="text-align:right;">$340 million

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>October 17, 2013

</td>

<td><a href="Virident_Systems" title="Virident Systems">Virident</a>

</td>

<td>SSD, system and software

</td>

<td style="text-align:right;">$685 million

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>December 15, 2014

</td>

<td>Skyera

</td>

<td>Flash-storage arrays

</td>

<td> —

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>March 16, 2015

</td>

<td><a href="Amplidata" title="Amplidata">Amplidata</a>

</td>

<td>Software

</td>

<td> —

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>May 12, 2016

</td>

<td><a href="SanDisk" class="mw-redirect" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a>

</td>

<td>SSD, system and software, <a href="NAND_flash" class="mw-redirect" title="NAND flash">NAND flash</a>, embedded

</td>

<td style="text-align:right;">$19 billion

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>August 28, 2017

</td>

<td>Upthere

</td>

<td>Flash, <a href="Persistent_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Persistent storage">persistent</a>, <a href="Cloud_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud services">cloud services</a>

</td>

<td> —

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>September 2017

</td>

<td><a href="Tegile_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegile Systems">Tegile</a>

</td>

<td>Flash, persistent, cloud services

</td>

<td> —

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>September 2019

</td>

<td>Kazan Networks

</td>

<td>Flash storage technology

</td>

<td> —

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHarris2015" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Robin (March 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/wds-hgst-buys-amplidata/">"WD's HGST buys Amplidata"</a>. ZDNet. Retrieved May 30, 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/3016420/western-digital-buys-up-tegile-systems-to-add-to-its-data-center-systems-business">"Western Digital buys up Tegile Systems to add to its Data Center Systems business"</a>. V3. August 30, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMellor2018" class="citation web cs1">Mellor, Chris (July 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/07/27/wd_condenses_facility_count/">"If you were a firm-swallowing storage giant, how WD you digest them all?"</a>. The Register. Retrieved August 15, 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKovar2019" class="citation news cs1">Kovar, Joseph F. (September 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crn.com/news/data-center/western-digital-acquires-nvme-of-startup-kazan">"Western Digital Acquires NVMe-oF Startup Kazan"</a>. CRN. Retrieved March 20, 2020.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Western_Digital" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Western Digital">Western Digital</a>.</div></div>

</div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westerndigital.com/">Official website</a></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19971110160457/http://www.wdc.com/acrobat/25thbroc.pdf">"25 Years of Innovation: The History of Western Digital"</a> (PDF). Western Digital. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdc.com/acrobat/25thbroc.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 10, 1997. Retrieved February 8, 2016.</cite></li>

<li>Business data for Western Digital: <div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/WDC">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=106040">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/WDC">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_Digital51" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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</style><div id="Western_Digital51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="My_Passport" title="My Passport">My Passport</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Deskstar" title="Deskstar">Deskstar</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Digital_Media_Center" title="Western Digital Media Center">Media Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Pascal_MicroEngine" title="Pascal MicroEngine">Pascal MicroEngine</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Digital_Raptor" title="Western Digital Raptor">Raptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Travelstar" title="Travelstar">Travelstar</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultrastar_(hard_disk_drive)" title="Ultrastar (hard disk drive)">Ultrastar</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amplidata" title="Amplidata">Amplidata</a></li>

<li><a href="Arkeia_Software" title="Arkeia Software">Arkeia Software</a></li>

<li><a href="Paradise_Systems" title="Paradise Systems">Paradise Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="IntelliFlash" title="IntelliFlash">Tegile Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Virident_Systems" title="Virident Systems">Virident Systems</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divestitures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sandisk" title="Sandisk">Sandisk</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States61" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States61" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics industry in the United States">Electronics industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>

<li><a href="Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li>

<li><a href="Corsair_Gaming" title="Corsair Gaming">Corsair</a></li>

<li><a href="Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a></li>

<li><a href="Element_Electronics" title="Element Electronics">Element Electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Emerson_Radio" title="Emerson Radio">Emerson Radio</a></li>

<li><a href="Harman_International" title="Harman International">Harman</a></li>

<li><a href="Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li>

<li><a href="InFocus" title="InFocus">InFocus</a></li>

<li><a href="Jensen_Electronics" title="Jensen Electronics">Jensen Electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenmore_(brand)" title="Kenmore (brand)">Kenmore</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingston_Technology" title="Kingston Technology">Kingston</a></li>

<li><a href="Kimball_International" title="Kimball International">Kimball</a></li>

<li><a href="Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnavox" title="Magnavox">Magnavox</a></li>

<li><a href="Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li>

<li><a href="Memorex" title="Memorex">Memorex</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li>

<li><a href="Monster_Cable" title="Monster Cable">Monster</a></li>

<li><a href="Plantronics" title="Plantronics">Plantronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Planar_Systems" title="Planar Systems">Planar Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Razer_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Razer Inc">Razer</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandisk" title="Sandisk">Sandisk</a></li>

<li><a href="Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a></li>

<li><a href="Seiki_Digital" title="Seiki Digital">Seiki Digital</a></li>

<li><a href="Skullcandy" title="Skullcandy">Skullcandy</a></li>

<li><a href="Turtle_Beach_Corporation" title="Turtle Beach Corporation">Turtle Beach</a></li>

<li><a href="ViewSonic" title="ViewSonic">ViewSonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Vizio" title="Vizio">Vizio</a></li>

<li><a href="Westinghouse_Electric_Company" title="Westinghouse Electric Company">Westinghouse Electric Company</a></li>

<li><a href="Westinghouse_Electronics" title="Westinghouse Electronics">Westinghouse Electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Electronic components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Achronix" title="Achronix">Achronix</a></li>

<li><a href="Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a>

<ul><li><a href="Maxim_Integrated" title="Maxim Integrated">Maxim Integrated</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li>

<li><a href="Altera" title="Altera">Altera</a></li>

<li><a href="Cirque_Corporation" title="Cirque Corporation">Cirque</a></li>

<li><a href="Diodes_Incorporated" title="Diodes Incorporated">Diodes Inc.</a></li>

<li><a href="Jabil" title="Jabil">Jabil</a></li>

<li><a href="KEMET_Corporation" title="KEMET Corporation">KEMET</a></li>

<li><a href="Maxwell_Technologies" title="Maxwell Technologies">Maxwell Technologies</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanmina_Corporation" title="Sanmina Corporation">Sanmina</a></li>

<li><a href="Vishay_Intertechnology" title="Vishay Intertechnology">Vishay</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductor devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ampere_Computing" title="Ampere Computing">Ampere Computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li>

<li><a href="Cypress_Semiconductor" title="Cypress Semiconductor">Cypress Semiconductor</a></li>

<li><a href="GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li>

<li><a href="Interlink_Electronics" title="Interlink Electronics">Interlink</a></li>

<li><a href="KLA-Tencor" class="mw-redirect" title="KLA-Tencor">KLA-Tencor</a></li>

<li><a href="Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li>

<li><a href="Lattice_Semiconductor" title="Lattice Semiconductor">Lattice</a></li>

<li><a href="Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip</a> (<a href="Atmel" title="Atmel">Atmel</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li>

<li><a href="NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimbus_Data" title="Nimbus Data">Nimbus Data</a></li>

<li><a href="Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mellanox_Technologies" title="Mellanox Technologies">Mellanox</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li>

<li><a href="Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li>

<li><a href="Silicon_Image" title="Silicon Image">Silicon Image</a></li>

<li><a href="Synaptics" title="Synaptics">Synaptics</a></li>

<li><a href="Tabula_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabula (company)">Tabula</a></li>

<li><a href="Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li>

<li><a href="Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a></li>

<li><a href="Zilog" title="Zilog">Zilog</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>

<li><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a></li>

<li><a href="Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> (<a href="Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola Mobility</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence Design Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Actel" title="Actel">Actel</a></li>

<li><a href="Atari_Corporation" title="Atari Corporation">Atari Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a></li>

<li><a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a></li>

<li><a href="Fairchild_Semiconductor" title="Fairchild Semiconductor">Fairchild</a></li>

<li><a href="Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsemi" title="Microsemi">Microsemi</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a></li>

<li><a href="Philco" title="Philco">Philco</a></li>

<li><a href="Signetics" title="Signetics">Signetics</a></li>

<li><a href="Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="Solectron" title="Solectron">Solectron</a></li>

<li><a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li>

<li><a href="Zenith_Electronics" title="Zenith Electronics">Zenith Electronics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hard_disk_drive_manufacturers194" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hard_disk_drive_manufacturers194" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drive</a> manufacturers</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_hard_disk_drives" title="History of hard disk drives">History of hard disk drives</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_IBM_magnetic_disk_drives" title="History of IBM magnetic disk drives">IBM magnetic disk drives</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_defunct_hard_disk_manufacturers" title="List of defunct hard disk manufacturers">List of defunct hard disk manufacturers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Alps_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Alps Electric">Alps Electric</a></li>

<li><a href="Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a></li>

<li><a href="Anelex" title="Anelex">Anelex</a></li>

<li><a href="Areal_Technology" title="Areal Technology">Areal Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Atasi_Corporation" title="Atasi Corporation">Atasi</a></li>

<li><a href="Avatar_Systems" title="Avatar Systems">Avatar Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Bryant_Grinder" title="Bryant Grinder">Bryant Computer Products</a></li>

<li><a href="Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs</a></li>

<li><a href="Castlewood_Orb_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Castlewood Orb Drive">Castlewood Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Calcomp" title="Calcomp">Calcomp</a></li>

<li><a href="Caelus_Memories" title="Caelus Memories">Caelus Memories</a></li>

<li><a href="Groupe_Bull" title="Groupe Bull">CII-Honeywell-Bull</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_Memories%2C_Inc." title="Computer Memories, Inc.">Computer Memories, Inc.</a></li>

<li><a href="Conner_Peripherals" title="Conner Peripherals">Conner Peripherals</a></li>

<li><a href="Cornice_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Cornice Inc.">Cornice</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_General" title="Data General">Data General</a></li>

<li><a href="Datapoint" title="Datapoint">Datapoint</a></li>

<li><a href="Dataproducts" title="Dataproducts">Dataproducts</a></li>

<li><a href="Diablo_Data_Systems" title="Diablo Data Systems">Diablo Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Emulex" title="Emulex">Emulex</a></li>

<li><a href="Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a></li>

<li><a href="ExcelStor_Technology" title="ExcelStor Technology">ExcelStor Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuji_Electric" title="Fuji Electric">Fuji Electric</a></li>

<li><a href="Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li>

<li><a href="General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a></li>

<li><a href="GS_Magicstor" class="mw-redirect" title="GS Magicstor">GS Magicstor</a></li>

<li><a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a></li>

<li><a href="Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a></li>

<li><a href="Hokushin_Electric_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokushin Electric Works">Hokushin Electric Works</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyosung" title="Hyosung">Hyosung</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="AdStar" title="AdStar">AdStar</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic_Peripherals" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic Peripherals">Imprimis (CDC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Int%C3%A9gral_Peripherals" title="Intégral Peripherals">Intégral Peripherals</a></li>

<li><a href="Iomega" title="Iomega">Iomega</a></li>

<li><a href="JT_Storage" title="JT Storage">JT Storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalok" title="Kalok">Kalok</a></li>

<li><a href="Kennedy_Company" title="Kennedy Company">Kennedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a></li>

<li><a href="Librascope" title="Librascope">Librascope</a></li>

<li><a href="Maxtor" title="Maxtor">Maxtor</a></li>

<li><a href="Memorex" title="Memorex">Memorex</a></li>

<li><a href="Micropolis_Corporation" title="Micropolis Corporation">Micropolis</a></li>

<li><a href="MiniScribe" title="MiniScribe">MiniScribe</a></li>

<li><a href="MiniStor" title="MiniStor">MiniStor Peripherals</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitsumi_Electric" title="Mitsumi Electric">Mitsumi Electric</a></li>

<li><a href="KDK" title="KDK">Nippon Electric Industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Noma%C3%AF" title="Nomaï">Nomaï</a></li>

<li><a href="Ohio_Scientific" title="Ohio Scientific">Ohio Scientific</a></li>

<li><a href="Oki_Electric_Industry" title="Oki Electric Industry">Okidata</a></li>

<li><a href="Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti OPE</a></li>

<li><a href="Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Pertec_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertec Computer">Pertec Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></li>

<li><a href="Plus_Development" title="Plus Development">Plus Development</a></li>

<li><a href="Potter_Instrument" title="Potter Instrument">Potter Instrument</a></li>

<li><a href="PrairieTek" title="PrairieTek">PrairieTek</a></li>

<li><a href="Priam_Corporation" title="Priam Corporation">Priam</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_Corporation" title="Quantum Corporation">Quantum</a></li>

<li><a href="Ricoh" title="Ricoh">Ricoh</a></li>

<li><a href="Rodime" title="Rodime">Rodime</a></li>

<li><a href="SAGEM" title="SAGEM">SAGEM</a></li>

<li><a href="Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Sequel_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Sequel Inc.">Sequel</a></li>

<li><a href="Shugart_Associates" title="Shugart Associates">Shugart Associates</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="StorageTek" title="StorageTek">StorageTek</a></li>

<li><a href="SyQuest_Technology" title="SyQuest Technology">SyQuest Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Tandon_Corporation" title="Tandon Corporation">Tandon</a></li>

<li><a href="Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li>

<li><a href="Tokico" title="Tokico">Tokico</a></li>

<li><a href="Xebec_Corporation" title="Xebec Corporation">Xebec</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_information_storage_companies92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_information_storage_companies92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="Information_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Information storage">information storage</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ADATA" title="ADATA">ADATA</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Inc.">Amazon</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>

<li><a href="Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li>

<li><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a></li>

<li><a href="Hitachi_Data_Systems" title="Hitachi Data Systems">Hitachi Data Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingston_Technology" title="Kingston Technology">Kingston Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li>

<li><a href="NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a></li>

<li><a href="Plextor" title="Plextor">Plextor</a></li>

<li><a href="Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li>

<li><a href="Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a></li>

<li><a href="Silicon_Power" title="Silicon Power">Silicon Power</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcend_Information" title="Transcend Information">Transcend Information</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738770#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata652" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738770#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata652" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000086664326">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125579314">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1087527236">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87101011">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Western_Digital&oldid=1304465159">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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